past perfect

Past Perfect - Use
1) Together with the Simple Past

Mary had read the book before she watched a film.
2) the past equivalent of the Present Perfect

He had played hockey.
Signal words

no unambiguous ones
Form

had + past participle
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
I had played hockey.
I'd played hockey. You had played hockey.
You'd played hockey.
Negative sentences:
I had not played hockey.
I'd not played hockey.
I hadn't played hockey. You had not played hockey.
You'd not played hockey.
You hadn't played hockey.
Questions:
Had you played hockey? Had you played hockey?
Attention
Past Perfect - Simple Past Simple Past - Simple Past
The match had started when he arrived. The match started when he arrived.